"Between every two pines is a doorway to a new adventure." - John Muir

Bear Spray - Don't leave home without it.

Hiking Shoes / Boots - Wearing proper fitted shoes or boots for the trail will make or break your experience.

Backpacks - If you are just heading out for the day, or spending the night on the trail you will definitely want to go equipped with a backpack that will not be too heavy by end of day, and will be able to hold what you  need for the trip keeping it dry along the way.

Books & Maps - There are some great books and maps on Amazon that will help ensure you find what you are looking for, and don't get lost along the way.

Bear spray is a specialized type of deterrent used to deter bear encounters in wilderness areas. It typically comes in a canister that contains a highly concentrated pepper spray designed to deter bears by creating a cloud of irritants that can deter them from approaching.

Here are some important points about bear spray and how to use it effectively:

1. Carry bear spray: When venturing into bear country, it's important to carry bear spray with you at all times. Bear encounters can happen unexpectedly, and having bear spray readily accessible can be a crucial tool for your safety.
2. Understand the proper use: Bear spray is designed to be used as a deterrent, not as an offensive weapon. It should be used only in the event of a close encounter with a bear that is displaying aggressive behavior or charging. It should never be used for any other purpose.
3. Know the range and direction: Bear spray canisters typically have a range of 20-30 feet. Be aware of the wind direction and aim slightly downward to create a cloud of spray that the bear must pass through. Be sure to practice using bear spray before an actual encounter to familiarize yourself with its range and direction.
4. Be prepared and stay calm: In the event of a bear encounter, it's important to stay calm and avoid sudden movements or loud noises that may startle the bear. Stand your ground, speak in a calm voice, and slowly back away from the bear while holding the bear spray ready to use.
5. Follow instructions on the canister: Different brands of bear spray may have slightly different instructions, so it's important to carefully read and follow the instructions on the canister. This may include information on how to properly aim, discharge, and store the bear spray.
6. Consider proper storage: Bear spray should be stored in a cool, dry place, and should not be left in hot cars or exposed to extreme temperatures. Proper storage is important to ensure the effectiveness and longevity of the bear spray.
7. Check expiration date: Bear spray canisters typically have an expiration date. Make sure to check the expiration date of your bear spray and replace it if it has expired.
8. Notify others: If you do use bear spray during an encounter, be sure to notify other hikers, campers, or park officials in the area, so they can take appropriate precautions.

It's important to note that bear spray is not a guarantee of safety and should be used in conjunction with other bear safety practices, such as making noise, traveling in groups, and following proper food storage guidelines in bear country. 

Additionally, it's essential to familiarize yourself with local regulations and recommendations for bear encounters in the area you are visiting. Consulting with park officials or local authorities can provide valuable information on bear safety practices specific to your location.

Wearing proper hiking shoes when hiking is important for several reasons:

1. Comfort: Hiking shoes are specifically designed to provide comfort and support during outdoor activities like hiking. They typically have cushioning, arch support, and padding to protect your feet from rough terrain, rocks, and uneven surfaces, reducing the risk of blisters, foot pain, and discomfort.
2. Safety: Hiking trails can be rugged and unpredictable, with varying terrain and obstacles. Proper hiking shoes with sturdy soles and good traction can help prevent slips, trips, and falls, reducing the risk of injuries. They also provide ankle support, which can help prevent sprains and twists, especially on uneven or rocky trails.
3. Durability: Hiking shoes are typically made of durable materials such as leather or synthetic materials that are designed to withstand the rigors of the trail. They are built to last, protecting your feet from sharp rocks, branches, and other debris that you may encounter on the trail.
4. Protection: Hiking shoes usually have reinforced toe boxes and heel cups that provide extra protection for your feet against impacts from rocks, roots, and other hazards. This helps prevent injuries such as bruised toenails or crushed toes.
5. Fit: Properly fitting hiking shoes are essential for a comfortable and safe hiking experience. They should provide a snug fit to prevent blisters and hotspots, and allow for proper toe wiggle room. Ill-fitting shoes can cause discomfort, pain, and even injuries during long hikes.
6. Weather resistance: Many hiking shoes are designed to be weather-resistant, with waterproof or water-resistant features to keep your feet dry in wet conditions. This is especially important when hiking in rainy or muddy environments, as wet feet can lead to discomfort, blisters, and even frostbite in cold weather.

In summary, wearing proper hiking shoes is crucial for comfort, safety, durability, protection, fit, and weather resistance. Investing in a good pair of hiking shoes that are appropriate for the terrain and weather conditions of your hike can greatly enhance your overall hiking experience and help prevent foot injuries.

Selecting the proper backpack for hiking is crucial for a comfortable and safe outdoor adventure. Here are some reasons why choosing the right backpack is important:

1. Comfort: A properly fitted backpack can significantly enhance your comfort while hiking. It should distribute the weight of your gear evenly across your shoulders, hips, and back, reducing strain and fatigue. A backpack with adjustable shoulder straps, hip belts, and back padding can help you achieve a comfortable fit that suits your body shape and size, allowing you to hike longer distances without discomfort.
2. Capacity: The right backpack size is important to ensure that you have enough space to carry all the gear and supplies you need for your hike. It should have adequate capacity to hold your clothing, food, water, camping gear, and other essentials. Selecting a backpack that is too small may result in cramming your gear, which can cause discomfort and difficulty in accessing your items. On the other hand, a backpack that is too large can be heavy and unwieldy, making it uncomfortable to carry.
3. Organization: A well-designed backpack with multiple compartments, pockets, and attachment points can help you stay organized on the trail. It allows you to easily access your gear and keep items separated, so you can quickly find what you need without rummaging through your backpack. This can be particularly helpful during multi-day hikes when you may have a variety of gear and supplies to carry.
4. Durability: A good quality backpack made of durable materials, such as ripstop nylon or polyester, can withstand the rigors of the trail and protect your gear from the elements. A sturdy backpack with reinforced seams, durable zippers, and robust buckles can endure the wear and tear of hiking, including exposure to rain, snow, and rough terrain.
5. Weight Distribution: A properly fitted backpack with a supportive frame and a well-designed suspension system can help distribute the weight of your gear evenly, reducing strain on your back and shoulders. This can help prevent discomfort, pain, and fatigue, allowing you to hike longer and more comfortably.
6. Safety: The right backpack can also contribute to your safety on the trail. It should have features such as reflective patches or loops for attaching safety gear, like a whistle or a headlamp, which can aid in emergencies or low-light situations. Additionally, a properly packed backpack with well-balanced weight distribution can help you maintain stability and balance while hiking, reducing the risk of falls or accidents.

In summary, selecting the proper backpack for hiking is essential for comfort, capacity, organization, durability, weight distribution, and safety. It's important to consider the fit, size, features, and quality of a backpack to ensure that it meets your needs and enhances your hiking experience. Investing in a good quality backpack that suits your hiking style and requirements can greatly contribute to your overall comfort, safety, and enjoyment while on the trail.